Regional Cap-and-Trade Agreements: Three mandatory regional carbon trading markets, the Northeast and Mid-Atlantic Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI), the Midwestern Greenhouse Gas Reduction Accord (MGGRA) and the Western Climate Initiative (WCI) are being established by state governors to limit emissions and spur energy innovation.

Energy Efficiency Resource Standards: Nineteen states have minimum energy efficiency resource standards which encourage more efficient generation, transmission and use of electricity and natural gas.

Renewable Portfolio Standards: More than 50% of states employ renewable portfolio standards or renewable deployment goals, which mandate that utilities get a certain amount of their energy from renewable sources, leading to emissions reductions.

GHG Auto Standards: Fifteen states have adopted California’s tailpipe GHG emissions for passenger cars.